Impacts and management of oil spill pollution along the nigerian coastal areas peter c. Oil spill is the major impact on land use in the area, with approximately 9 to million barrels of crude oil reported to have been spilled into the niger delta ecosystem over the past 50years iucnceesp, 2006. Oil spill accident history and simulations show that once the oil spill at sea has. The rate of spillage has decreased in the past 10 years, even with increased oil production, transportation, and consumption. A tanker carrying 1,200 tonnes of diesel collided with another ship in the karnaphuli river near chittagong port last week, spreading 10 tonnes of diesel across 16 kilometers, port authority spokesman omar faruk told the publication. The severity of impact typically depends on the quantity and type of oil spilt. Interim report on causes of the deepwater horizon oil rig. Marine pollution types, causes, effects, prevention and. Emerging spill risks include increased maritime activity in the arctic, deepwater exploration and development, and the rapid expansion of rail transport of crude oil. The impact of the exxon oil spill lasted for decades. Oil and water emulsions cause oil to sink and disappear from the surface, giving the visual illusion that it is gone and the threat to the environment. Oil spill is the release of liquid hydrocarbon in the environment due to natural disaster, vandalism, crashing of systems and human activities which.
One of the major fates of spilled petroleum oil in the coastal environment is its incorporation into the sediments alexander and webb, 1987. An international forum on oil spill prevention, preparedness, response and restoration systems was constituted in 2011 viz. Bp had workers on the doomed deepwater horizon rig who could have prevented the missteps that led to the massive gulf of mexico oil spill, but they were not consulted, the white house oil. The eight failures that caused the gulf oil spill new. In this lesson, well talk about why it happened and what sort of impact it had on wildlife and humans alike. Bp shortcuts led to gulf oil spill, report says the new. The well blowout unleashed a spill of nearly five million barrels of oil, fouling the gulf and hundreds of miles of beaches, marshes and fish habitats and causing billions of dollars in damage. The term often refers to marine environment oil spills, where oil is released.
Download a pdf of interim report on causes of the deepwater horizon oil rig blowout and ways to prevent such events by the national academy of engineering and national research council for free. Oil spills can cause a wide range of impacts in the marine environment and are. Oil spills can seriously affect the marine environment both as a result of physical smothering and toxic effects. Causes, consequences, prevention, and countermeasures. The framework can be used to clarify the complexity of oil spill impacts, identify lessons. In 2016 september there was a convention in mumbai of osi. Oil spill contingency plans, therefore, specify appropriate response to. This booklet was developed by the national clearinghouse for worker safety and health training. To determine the environmental impact of oil spill on land and water within the study area. To reduce the rate of oil incidents along the nigerian coast particularly as a result of vandalisation. The deepwater horizon spill was the worst oil disaster in us history.
It is the oneyear anniversary of the bps oil spill in the gulf of mexico. Causes and effects of oil spill on our environment earth. Marine pollution types, causes, effects, prevention and oil spill history. The national clearinghouse is funded by the national institute of environmental health. The solvent used after the massive 1989 exxon valdez oil spill off the alaska coast, for example, was limonene, which can cause skin inflammation and asthma, said robert emery, vice president for safety, health, environment and risk management at the university of texas health science center at houston. To identify the presence of total petroleum hydrocarbon tph in the environment soil, water. About 5 million barrels of the crude oil spread on the ocean. Causes of the oil spill in the gulf of mexico youtube. The detached eddy and looped current shows how the currents had spread the oil to the south east towards the coast of florida. Ships and tankers carrying crude oil across the oceans may cause deadly oil spills in marine water due to various causes, leakage being the most common one. Understanding oil spills and oil spill response united states office of emergency epa 540k99007 environmental protection and remedial oswer 9200. Pollution due to oil spills in marine environment and. Bureau of ocean energy management, regulation and enforcement boemre and the u. You guys must have heard of the most recent oil spill disaster of british petroleum at the gulf of mexico which has been referred to as one of the largest accidental marine oil spills in the history of the petroleum industry by analysts.
Most oils tend to spread horizontally into a smooth and slippery surface, called a slick, on top of the water. Ill try to discuss the causes and effects of oil spills as well as options for a reduction in its. In 1989, the exxon valdez crashed onto the shore of prince william sound in alaska. Oceanic oil spills became a major environmental problem in the 1960s, chiefly as a result of intensified petroleum exploration and production on continental shelves and the use of supertankers capable of transporting more. However, this scenario is rare but most oil spills are due to oil tankers. Crude oil spills in the environment, effects and some. An oil spill is unintentional release of liquid petroleum hydrocarbons in to the environment due to human activity or natural disaster. They can also happen if equipment breaks down, such as a drill on an oil rig. Show full abstract measures there is a growing risk for incidental oil spills and associated oil pollution. Ocean oil spills are among the most commonly depicted and catastrophic forms, though they can also occur on land. The bps investigation shows that both human factor in.
Oil spill cleanup operations may cause more harm to a fragile coastal marsh environment than the oil itself. Changes in foraging locations may result from oil spills. Natural causes such as oil that seeps from the bottom of oceans which enters the marine. Consequently, the effects of oil pollution are sufficiently well understood to allow for broad indications of the scale and duration of damage for a given incident. Natural causes such as oil that seeps from the bottom of oceans which enters the marine environment. Safety and health awareness for oil spill cleanup workers. This document is wec285, one of a series of the department of wildlife ecology and conservation, ufifas extension. Effects of oil spills on marine and coastal wildlife. Despite this, spill experts estimate that 30%50% of oil spills are either directly or indirectly caused by human error, with 20%40% of all spills caused by equipment failure or malfunction.
Bp deepwater horizon oil spill and its economic impact. Some of which have technical issues hence causing oil spillage. Impacts and management of oil spill pollution along the. The pipelines may start leaking due to lack of maintenance. The quantity of oil spills matter when it comes to the significance of oil and water pollution. Crude oil is formed during long periods of time through natural processes involving organic matter from dead organisms. The worst oil spill caused by offshore oil drilling happened in the mexican gulf. Anthropogenic causes including accidental oil spills such as the recent bp oil spill in the gulf of mexico as well as leaks and spills due to a large variety of human activities related to oil refining, handling and transport, storage and use of crude oil and any of its distilled products. In september 2011, a definitive report was released by by a joint task force of the u. Posted on july 8, 2015 november 30, 2019 author ashish s comment0 get to know insights of marine pollution like what is it, who is causing it, whom it effects, times when it happened worse and why the situation is so grim.
Oil spill can be caused by natural seepage, especially in the ocean, as tectonic plates shift, they may release oil from reserves trapped deep such as drilling beneath the. It can enter the food chain and continue to cause damage to the environment long after the initial spill. To identify the major causes of oil spill within the study area. Because both of these causes were necessary for the oil spill to occur, they are joined with and. These are usually associated with unexpected blowouts of liquid and gaseous hydrocarbons from the well as a.
Also the physiochemical properties of the spilled oil are not much. Deepwater horizon oil spill thinkreliability, case studies. The accident contaminated 1,300 miles of coastline with 250,000 barrels, or 11 million gallons, of oil. The department of energy issued a fine for polluting the environment, reported local media agency dhaka tribune. Factors which affect the ability of an oil spill to spread include surface tension, specific gravity, and viscosity. Oil spill can be caused by natural seepage, especially in the ocean, as tectonic plates shift, they may release oil from reserves trapped deep such as drilling beneath the ocean floor. Oil spills may originate in natural or anthropogenic causes. There are also oil spills that occur as a result of dumping, often on land. The three causes of bps oil disaster just as with goldman sachs and the titanic, hubris, recklessness and arrogance made the gulf spill happen. Effects of oil spills on marine and coastal wildlife1 holly k. Understanding oil spills and oil spill response pdf epa. Safety and health awareness for oil spill cleanup workers june 2010, v7 osha 3388062010 1800321osha 6742 this book is provided by. Recommendations to prevent oil spills caused by human.
Deepwater horizon an overview sciencedirect topics. Onshore and offshore oil drilling are some of the worst ways oil can find its way to the sea. This example was made using our root cause analysis template. Oil spills have many adverse effects on the environment. Apart from oil tankers spilling oil other transportation causes include pipelines that pass undersea. Additionally, the magnitude of the spill directly resulted from was caused by the blowout preventer bop not sealing the well, as designed, for reasons that are not entirely clear. Oil spills occur when petroleum, plant or animalbased oils enter the environment unintentionally. The rate at which an oil spill spreads will determine its effect on the environment. Oil drilling is one of the causes of the oil spill. Stress responses shown by corals exposed to oil and oil fractions 30. Currently, many oil rigs are being drilled in seas. The national commission on the bp deepwater horizon oil spill and offshore drilling was established on 22 may to consider the root causes of the disaster and offer options on safety and environmental precautions. A report last week from amnesty international said energy companies operating in the oilrich niger delta region werent entirely up front about whats causing the hundreds of spills reported.
During marine accidents, the oil spills quantity is enormous. A release into the environment of heating oil includes any kind of spill or leak from your oil tank, oil delivery line or other part of your heating. By far the most serious source of oil spill is through the vandalisation of pipelines either as a result of civil disaffection with the political process or as a criminal activity. A scientific appraisal of typical oil spill effects reveals that, while damage occurs and can be profound at the level of individual organisms, populations are more resilient.
However, efforts for spill containment and recovery are considered to be only moderately effective. By far the worlds largest accidental marine oil spill to date surpassed only by the intentional gulf war spill, releasing almost 5 million barrels of oil before finally being killed five months after the. The causes of the bp oil spill in april of 2010 were revealed bit by bit. The national oil and hazardous substances pollution. Oil spill, leakage of petroleum onto the surface of a large body of water.
Select the best solutions reduce the risk download the onepage pdf summary of the exxon oil spill root cause analysis. Badejo abstract nigeria has a coastline of approximately 853km facing the atlantic ocean. Pdf oil spill problems and management in the niger delta. Deepwater horizon oil spill, also called gulf of mexico oil spill, largest marine oil spill in history, caused by an april 20, 2010, explosion on the deepwater horizon oil riglocated in the gulf of mexico, approximately 41 miles 66 km off the coast of louisianaand its. Pacific statesbc oil spill task force recommendations to prevent oil spills. The national oil and hazardous substances pollution contingency plan 40 cfr part 300, referred to subsequently as the national contingency plan ncp, is the principal federal mechanism for operations pertaining to the identification, containment, and cleanup of releases of oil and hazardous substances in the coastal united states. Emerging spill risks include increased maritime activity in the arctic. The theme was commitment, synergy, and excellence cse convention showcases best practices in the world for oil spill preparedness. Oil spills can occur due to manmade reasons which include. It could be an accident or oil can spill during routine operations. A longawaited bp report lists eight reasons for the accident that caused its catastrophic deepwater horizon oil spill. While oil is a necessary risk in a complex society, recent and avoidable major oil releases have demonstrated that serious improvements in oil spill response are warranted to improve effectiveness. Although significant steps have been taken over the last 15 years to reduce the size and frequency of oil spills, the sheer volume of petroleum consumed in this country and the complex production and distribution network required to meet the demand make spills of oil and other petroleum products inevitable nrc, 2003. The investigation by united states attorney general eric holder was announced on 1.
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